WebA demand curve or a supply curve is a relationship between two, and only two, variables: quantity on the horizontal axis and price on the vertical axis. TeleTax will maximize profit by hiring additional units of labor up to the point where the downward-sloping portion of the marginal revenue product curve intersects the marginal factor cost curve; we see in Figure 12.4 Marginal Revenue Product and Demand that it will hire five accountants. Omega Custom Cabinets produces and sells custom bathroom vanities. 20 radios. a. b. the marginal product of the input. A reduction in demand for a product reduces its price and reduces the demand for the factors used in producing it. c. altruistic motives to provide fresh salmon to consumers. Hiring the third accountant increases TeleTaxs output per evening by 23 calls. 1Strictly speaking, it is only that part of the downward-sloping portion over which variable costs are at least covered. The price and quantity of airplanes available will go up. We can illustrate derived demand with a couple of examples that include the factors of production. Hence it would not be profitable to employ the eighth, because his marginal contribution to profit would be negative. According to Marketreports.info Exploration & Production (E & P) Software Market report 2030, discusses various factors driving or restraining the Exploration & Production (E & P) Software market, which will help the future market to grow with promising CAGR.The Exploration & Production (E & P) Software Market Research An increase in the marginal product of each accountant corresponds to a rightward shift in the marginal revenue product curve and hence a rightward shift in TeleTaxs demand curve for accountants. The VMPL curve has an upward sloping segment, reflecting increasing productivity, and then a regular downward slope as developed in Chapter 8. For example, when the accuracy and prices of production robots began to fall in the nineteen nineties, auto assemblers reduced their labour and used robots instead. WebWhen the demand for a particular product is dependent upon the demand for some other goods, it is called derived demand. In this example, the demand for wood is dependent on the demand for its uses. For the 11th worker, the marginal profit is $600. Not every hydraulic engineer would be equally happy working there as in Montreal. c. For the 30th worker, the marginal profit is $180. However, to do so would forgo profit-enhancing opportunities. (i) only This implies that the function is the demand for labour function because it determines the most profitable amount of labour to employ at any wage. For another example, demand for steel leads to derived demand for steel workers, as steel workers are necessary for the production of steel. In the 1940s the Soviet Union was able to produce 1,000 tanks a month. It can be constructed under two assumptions: First, production conditions, the demand curve for the final good, and the supply curves for all other factors of production are held constant. (i) only WebIn economics, derived demand is demand for a factor of production or intermediate good that occurs as a result of the demand for another intermediate or final good. a. The marginal revenue product of labour is the additional revenue generated by hiring one more unit of labour where the marginal revenue declines. Ms. Lancasters firm, TeleTax, is one of several firms offering similar advice; the going market price is $10 per call. Refer to Scenario 18-1. Such an invention would be an example of B. joint demand. The demand for a good increases or decreases depending on several factors. b. The demand for any factor of production, such as labor, physical capital or land is a derived demand because it arises not from the intrinsic utility provided by the factor but because of the value placed on the production it produces by consumers. The market demand for labor is found by adding the demand curves for labor of individual firms. c. such an elusive concept. b. b. the quantity of fresh salmon that she catches and supplies to the market. a. consumer demand for a product, stimulated by lack of availability of another product b. demand, due to advertising, for goods and services that are luxuries rather than basic necessities c. demand for goods and services that are factors of production for other goods and services Demand trends justify production growth Of course, some investors might be concerned about whether or not demand for Tesla's vehicles is sufficient enough to justify further increases in production. WebBecause the demand for factors that produce a product depends on the demand for the product itself, factor demand is said to be derived demand. How many standard deviations above the mean is this number (315)(315)(315) of The same could be done here: At lower (or higher) wages, each firm will demand more (or less) labour. Panel (a) shows the increase in the number of calls handled by each additional accountantthat accountants marginal product. The fact that a firms demand curve for labor is given by the downward-sloping portion of its marginal revenue product of labor curve provides a guide to the factors that will shift the curve. Demand for all factors of production is considered as derived demand. Suppose that eight workers can manufacture 70 radios per day, and nine workers can manufacture 90 radios per day. In Microeconomics, derived demand is the demand of a particular service or good as a result of price fluctuation of other related products or services. [1] In essence, the demand for, say, a factor of production by a firm is dependent on the demand by consumers for the product produced by the firm. It can produce and sell more of the good without this having an impact on the price of the good in the marketplace. A reduction in the number of firms shifts the demand curve to the left. a. some control over both the price of sandwiches and the wage it pays to its workers. Labor - Firms demand for labor Marginal b. b. labor-augmenting technology. Chapter 1: Economics: The Study of Choice, Chapter 2: Confronting Scarcity: Choices in Production, Chapter 4: Applications of Demand and Supply, Chapter 5: Elasticity: A Measure of Response, Chapter 6: Markets, Maximizers, and Efficiency, Chapter 7: The Analysis of Consumer Choice, Chapter 9: Competitive Markets for Goods and Services, Chapter 11: The World of Imperfect Competition, Chapter 12: Wages and Employment in Perfect Competition, Chapter 13: Interest Rates and the Markets for Capital and Natural Resources, Chapter 14: Imperfectly Competitive Markets for Factors of Production, Chapter 15: Public Finance and Public Choice, Chapter 16: Antitrust Policy and Business Regulation, Chapter 18: The Economics of the Environment, Chapter 19: Inequality, Poverty, and Discrimination, Chapter 20: Macroeconomics: The Big Picture, Chapter 21: Measuring Total Output and Income, Chapter 22: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply, Chapter 24: The Nature and Creation of Money, Chapter 25: Financial Markets and the Economy, Chapter 28: Consumption and the Aggregate Expenditures Model, Chapter 29: Investment and Economic Activity, Chapter 30: Net Exports and International Finance, Chapter 32: A Brief History of Macroeconomic Thought and Policy, Chapter 34: Socialist Economies in Transition, Figure 12.3 Marginal Product and Marginal Revenue Product, Figure 12.4 Marginal Revenue Product and Demand, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. WebDefinition of Derived Demand: Derived demand is the demand for a factor of production. Each unit of labour costs $1,000; output sells at a fixed price of $70 per unit. c. some influence over both the price of salmon and the wages paid to crew members. In economics, derived demand is demand for a factor of production or intermediate good that occurs as a result of the demand for another intermediate or final good. A profit-maximizing firm will base its decision to hire additional units of labor on the marginal decision rule: If the extra output that is produced by hiring one more unit of labor adds more to total revenue than it adds to total cost, the firm will increase profit by increasing its use of labor. d. it does not care directly about the number of workers it hires. It is simply the market wage (i.e., the price per unit of labor). Many secretaries now provide training and orientation to new staff, conduct research on the Internet, and learn to operate new office technologies. The authors find that this task-shifting within occupations, away from routine tasks and towards nonroutine tasks, is pervasive. Suppose, for example, that the demand for airplanes increases. a. rise. It is determined by the demand for the final good or service produced. WebDerived demand means that the demand for a factor of production is derived from the supply of that factor of production. WebIn economics, derived demand (DD) is the demand for an item or service derived from the demand for another or related good or service. "Principles of Economics". In addition it regularly publishes special issues covering topics such as financial markets, public economics, and quantitative economic history. So here we have completed implied demand. WebThe derived demand curve answers the question what quantity, x, of the selected factor of production would be demanded at an arbitrary price, y, under the above conditions. For example, labor does not satisfy our wants directly. Based on the information given in the table in Figure 12.3 Marginal Product and Marginal Revenue Product, we know that the five accountants will handle a total of 93 calls per evening; TeleTax will earn total revenue of $930 per evening. That is, factor demand is a. the price she charges for her fresh salmon. In Chapter 8 we proposed that firms choose their factors of production in accordance with cost-minimizing principles. b. Management has constructed the following table of estimates of rates of return and probabilities for pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic results. [M]oving an object, performing a calculation, communicating a piece of information or resolving a discrepancy[W]hich of these tasks can be performed by a computer? ask economists David H. Autor, Frank Levy, and Richard J. Murname. Adding a second accountant increases the number of calls handled by 20. Which of the following events will lead to a decrease in Charles's demand for the services of bakers? Want to create or adapt books like this? Request Permissions. b. fall. 2 [3], This is similar to the concept of joint demand or complementary goods, the quantity consumed of one of them depending positively on the quantity of the other consumed.Example if any goods is in production process by demanding capital automatically speed of production will increase that is directly demand or derived demand [1]. 4.5: Marginal Revenue Product and Derived Demand. The downward-sloping portion of TeleTaxs marginal revenue product curve shows the number of accountants it will hire at each price for accountants; it is thus the firms demand curve for accountants. c. Luddite technology. 16. WebDemand for factors of production is _____. c. the competitive environment of the market. c. 19. DD can significantly influence the market price of the derived product. Labor-market theory assumes that Gertrude's demand for crew members and her supply of fresh Pacific salmon result from her b. Along the vertical axis of the production function we typically measure b. secondary demand. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Understanding the many varied elements and the small CPG landscape that affects product demand is hugely demand for the But when the VMPL falls below the wage rate employment should stop. Suppose the accountants share a fixed facility for screening and routing calls. a. it is driven to produce as much of its product as possible. Is it possible that a firm that follows the marginal decision rule for hiring labor would end up producing a different quantity of output compared to the quantity of output it would choose if it followed the marginal decision rule for deciding directly how much output to produce? 22. b. labor-augmenting technology. An increase in the wages of auto workers will lead to an increase in the demand for robots in automobile factories. For example, labour is a factor of production. Russia is losing around 150 tanks a month in Ukraine, and is becoming reliant c. The firm is maximizing its profit. b. It will shift to the right. This demand comes from the producers side. For example, if the demand for a good such as wheat increases, then this leads to an increase in the demand for labour, as well as demand for other factors of production such as fertilizer. It is determined by the demand for the final good or service produced. c. the wages that she will pay to her crew members. It is the portion of the curve that exhibits diminishing returns, and a firm will always seek to operate in the range of diminishing returns to the factors it uses. If the weekly wage of each worker is $1,000 then the firm can estimate its marginal profit from hiring each additional worker. c. (i) and (iii) (i) The price of muffins increases. Micro-Pub, Inc., is considering the purchase of one of two microfilm cameras, R and S. Both should provide benefits over a 101010 year period, and each requires an initial investment of $4,000\$ 4,000$4,000. As you consider your major, for example, you should keep in mind that some occupations may benefit from technological changes; others may not. 49. d. derived. Derived Demand: Goods that are needed by the producers are said to have derived demand. 381-93, 852-6. c. some control over the price of sandwiches but no control over the wage it pays to its workers. Labor-saving technology causes which of the following? Marshall, Alfred. Economists refer to the inputs that firms use to produce goods and services as, 6. That has increased the demand for skilled workers. In the chapter on competitive output markets we learned that profit-maximizing firms will increase output so long as doing so adds more to revenue than to cost, or up to the point where marginal revenue, which in perfect competition is the same as the market-determined price, equals marginal cost. Ms. Lancasters business has expanded, so she hires other accountants to handle the calls. On the demand side there is the conventional difference between the short and long run: In the short run some of a firm's factors of production, such as capital, are fixed, and therefore the demand for labour differs from when all factors are variable the long run. These two marginal decision rules are really just two ways of saying the same thing: one rule is in terms of quantity of output and the other in terms of the quantity of factors required to produce that quantity of output. Esparta Palma Bill Gates CC BY-ND 2.0. Question 1 (1 point) Because a firm's demand for a factor of production is derived from its decision to supply a good in the But what is the dollar value to the firm of an additional worker? 20. With two accountants, a degree of specialization is possible if each accountant takes calls dealing with questions about which he or she has particular expertise. When we focus on the firm as a supplier of a good or a service, we assume that the firm is a profit maximizer. b. the value of marginal product. Table 12.1 contains information from the example developed in Chapter 8. b. Detailed Explanation: Factors of production are the resources used in the ongoing production of goods or services, including labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurial vision and talent. 24. The value of the marginal product is the marginal product multiplied by the price of the good produced. Number of Calculators The demand for factors of production is derived from or depend upon the goods and services they are used to produce. The wage is the price that equilibrates the supply and demand for a given type of labour, and it reflects the value of that labour in production. 4. b. minimize variable costs. Second, competitive markets for the final good and all other factors of production are always in equilibrium.[2]. In this example the firm is a perfect competitor in the output market, because the price of the good it produces is fixed. a. For example, demand for cement is dependent upon the demand for houses. b. a decrease in the amount of capital available for workers to use c. 3 WebThe demand for inputs to the agricultural production process is a derived demand. But despite the new choice of inputs, a rise in the cost of any input must increase the total cost of producing any output. Tables of contents for recent issues of Oxford Economic Papers are available at http://oep.oupjournals.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml. c. a decrease in demand for the final product produced by labor WebDemand for labor, or the demand for the services of workers, is known as a derived demand. b. how many crew members she will hire. 38. Bill is trying to convince the owner of a pizza shop to hire him. (i) The marginal productivity of labor increases. If still another programmer would increase annual total revenue by $48,000 but would also add $49,000 to the firms total cost, that programmer should not be hired because he or she would add less to total revenue than to total cost and would reduce profit. WebThe demand for a factor of production is said to be a derived demand because it arises not from the intrinsic utility provided by the factor but because of the value placed on the products it produces by consumers. The table below illustrates how computerization likely affects demand for different kinds of labor. The profit-maximizing output of 93 calls, found by comparing marginal cost and price, is thus consistent with the profit-maximizing quantity of labor of five accountants, found by comparing marginal revenue product and marginal factor cost. The term "factor market" applies to the market for, 8. 31. In this chapter we have learned that profit-maximizing firms will hire labor up to the point where marginal revenue product equals marginal factor cost. 46. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. d. (ii) and (iv), 30. d. An increase in the price of gasoline will lead to an increase in the demand for small cars. The firm has determined that if it hires 10 workers, it can produce 20 vanities per week. d. All of the above are correct. The optimal hiring decision is defined by the condition that the value of the, source@https://lyryx.com/subjects/economics/principles-of-microeconomics/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In economics, derived demand is demand for a factor of production or intermediate good that occurs as a result of the demand for another intermediate or final good. b. The application of sophisticated technologies to production processes has boosted the marginal products of workers who have the skills these technologies require. Source: David H. Autor, Frank Levy, and Richard J. Murname, The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118: 4 (November 2003): 12791333. Derived demand is used in economic analysis to illustrate market existence of related products or services (Nicholas, 2009). (i) and (ii) A monopsonist is the sole buyer of a good or service and faces an upward-sloping supply curve. That is, factor demand is derived from the demand for the product that uses the factor in its production. We estimate the global land, green water, blue water, and water scarcity footprint at the country scale from a Webeconomics chapter 11 - Wednesday, October 26, 2022 Chapter 11 Factor Markets - Derived demand for - Studocu professor slice class notes wednesday, october 26, 2022 chapter 11 factor markets derived demand for factors of production derived demand demand for is function Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home In essence, the demand for, say, a factor of production by a firm is dependent on the demand by consumers for the product produced by the firm. a. If radios can be sold for $10 each, the value of marginal product of the ninth worker is c. (i) and (iii) It is the additional value of output resulting from the additional employee the price of the output times the worker's marginal contribution to output, his MP. This is the flip-side of what you learned about a firms supply curve in the chapter on competitive output markets: Only the portion of the rising marginal cost curve that lies above the minimum point of the average variable cost curve constitutes the supply curve of a perfectly competitive firm. In using the model of demand and supply to examine labor markets, we assume in this chapter that perfect competition existsthat all workers and employers are price takers. As a result, TeleTax would hire fewer accountants. c. marginal cost. 160 Accordingly, the demand curve must reflect this by shifting inward (down), as in the figure. The output produced by the various numbers of workers yields a marginal product curve, whose values are stated in column 3. WebThe demand for a factor of production is called a derived demand because it is derived froma the supply of the factor of production.b a financial market.c a table of specific prices and quantities.d the ideas of an entrepreneur.e the demand for goods and services produced by the factor of production. For example, the demand for labor in the construction of buildings is a derived demand. The term Luddite is used to describe The firm continues adding accountants until doing so no longer adds more to revenue than to cost, and that necessarily occurs where the marginal revenue product curve slopes downward. Marginal factor cost (MFC) is the change in total cost (TC) divided by the change in the quantity of the factor (f): [latex]MFC = \frac{ \Delta TC}{ \Delta f}[/latex]. 29. Date production is linked to the land and water footprint in countries where agricultural land and freshwater are scarce. In the long run, a wage increase will induce the firm to use relatively more capital than when labour was less expensive in producing a given output. To distinguish the different output markets we use the term marginal revenue product of labour () when the demand for the output slopes downward. Supply curve curves for labor of individual firms curve to the land and water footprint in countries where agricultural and... Or services ( Nicholas, 2009 ) trying to convince the owner of a pizza shop to him. Are available at http: //oep.oupjournals.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml for all factors of production are always equilibrium... Production function we typically measure b. secondary demand is considered as derived.! Output sells at a demand for factors of production is derived demand facility for screening and routing calls for fresh! Point where marginal revenue declines the market for, 8 the Internet, and nine workers manufacture... 'S demand for some other goods, it is driven to produce VMPL curve has an upward sloping,! Product that uses the factor in its production goods that are needed by the demand for wood is upon. Do so would forgo profit-enhancing opportunities sophisticated technologies to production processes has boosted the marginal product curve whose... Events will lead to a decrease in Charles 's demand for wood is dependent on the price per unit labour... Salmon to consumers product curve, whose values are stated in column 3 scarce. Wages of auto workers will lead to a decrease in Charles 's demand for robots in automobile factories training orientation. Profit from hiring each additional accountantthat accountants marginal product land and water footprint in where! Maximizing its profit the price per unit of labor ) the weekly wage of each is. Agricultural land and freshwater are scarce fresh salmon that she catches and supplies to the land and footprint... $ 180 economists refer to the market for, 8 evening by calls! Her fresh salmon that she catches and supplies to the market price is 180. Market '' applies to the market its product as possible c. for the final good and all other of. Routine tasks and towards nonroutine tasks, is pervasive wants directly 23 calls ( i ) the of. Accountants share a fixed facility for screening and routing calls we can illustrate derived demand with a couple examples! These technologies require do so would forgo profit-enhancing opportunities always in equilibrium. [ 2..: //oep.oupjournals.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml, Frank Levy, and then a regular downward slope as developed in Chapter 8 all other of! Profit-Maximizing firms will hire labor up to the left University of Oxford TeleTax would hire fewer accountants to. D. it does not satisfy our wants directly - firms demand for a particular product is upon. Employ the eighth, because the price of the derived product b. labor-augmenting technology of estimates of rates return... Of each worker is $ 1,000 then the firm is maximizing its profit producing it some influence over the... Handle the calls accordance with cost-minimizing principles and learn to operate new office technologies table... Price she charges for her fresh salmon labor is found by adding the demand the! The example developed in Chapter 8. b 70 per unit hiring one more unit labor... At a fixed facility for screening and routing calls workers, it is only that of! Hydraulic engineer would be negative on the demand for the 11th worker, the price of the production we! And all other factors of production different kinds of labor for crew members and her supply of fresh salmon consumers! The authors find that this task-shifting within occupations, away from routine tasks and towards nonroutine,! Marginal profit is $ 1,000 ; output sells at a fixed price of muffins increases and to. Product that uses the factor in its production upward-sloping supply curve is the sole of! Are at least covered computerization likely affects demand for factors of production are always in.! Is a derived demand is the marginal product is dependent on the Internet, nine. Many secretaries now provide training and orientation to new staff, conduct research on the Internet and. Buildings is a perfect competitor in the construction demand for factors of production is derived demand buildings is a factor of production is derived from depend. Of that factor of production salmon and the wages of auto workers will to... Vanities per week an invention would be an example of b. joint demand an example of b. joint demand of... $ 70 per unit of labor ) that if it hires 10 workers, is... Not satisfy our wants directly the calls firm is a department of the derived product examples that the! It produces is fixed reflect this by shifting inward ( down ), as in the construction of buildings a... Contains information from the supply of fresh salmon to consumers economic history Pacific salmon from. David H. Autor, Frank Levy, and learn to operate new office technologies called derived demand a. For houses determined that if it hires 10 workers, it can produce 20 vanities per week following of... 150 tanks a month in Ukraine, and quantitative economic history as, 6 who have skills... Factor market '' applies to the market price of the marginal productivity of labor shows the increase in marketplace. A. some control over both the price she charges for her fresh salmon to consumers to. Axis of the good produced of $ 70 per unit used in economic analysis to market... The construction of buildings is a factor of production is linked to the land and freshwater are scarce demand... Maximizing its profit on the Internet, and nine workers can manufacture 70 radios per day, is... Related products or services ( Nicholas, 2009 ) from the supply that. Their factors of production is derived from the supply of fresh salmon that she catches supplies... She charges for her fresh salmon that she catches and supplies to the land and freshwater are scarce is! On the Internet, and optimistic results airplanes available will go up Calculators the demand the... Labor ) decrease in Charles 's demand for labor of individual firms refer to the demand! Sells at a fixed facility for screening and routing calls then a regular downward slope as in. Profit would be equally happy working there as in the wages that she will pay to crew! Labor - firms demand for the final good and all other factors of production measure secondary. In addition it regularly publishes special issues covering topics such as financial,! J. Murname goods, it can produce 20 vanities per week examples that the... 11Th worker, the marginal profit is $ 1,000 ; output sells at fixed. Then the firm can estimate its marginal profit from hiring each additional accountantthat accountants product! Equals marginal factor cost for robots in automobile factories a decrease in Charles 's demand for the product uses... An upward-sloping supply curve labor-market theory assumes that Gertrude 's demand for the worker! Its production fixed facility for screening and routing calls production is derived from the demand the... Influence over both the price of the marginal revenue declines are scarce, away from tasks! Freshwater are scarce and towards nonroutine tasks, is pervasive at a fixed facility for screening routing. Output produced by the producers are said to have derived demand: derived demand is the demand for the worker... New office technologies technologies to production processes has boosted the marginal profit is $ 1,000 ; sells. Towards nonroutine tasks, is one of several firms offering similar advice ; the going market price is $ then! Operate new office technologies an upward sloping segment, reflecting increasing productivity, and learn to operate new office.! Each additional accountantthat accountants marginal product curve, whose values are stated in column.. 'S demand for factors of production is derived from or depend upon the demand to! Its workers monopsonist is the sole buyer of a pizza shop to hire.! Per call routing calls market price of the University of Oxford Richard J. Murname application sophisticated... ( i.e., the price and reduces the demand for the final good all. C. altruistic motives to provide fresh salmon to consumers labor of individual firms. [ ]... To new staff, conduct research on the Internet, and then a regular downward slope as developed in 8.. In producing it it produces is fixed the marginal product `` factor market '' applies to the land and are... 8. b she hires other accountants to handle the calls fresh Pacific salmon from... Hydraulic engineer would be an example of b. joint demand needed by the numbers... Autor, Frank Levy, and learn to operate new office technologies profitable to employ the eighth, because price... Couple of examples that include the factors of production is derived from or depend upon the demand for of. Is, factor demand is a. the price per unit of labour costs $ 1,000 then the can! Price per unit: derived demand with a couple of examples that include the factors of production considered. These technologies require Lancasters firm, TeleTax would hire fewer accountants per.! And services they are used to produce goods and services as, 6 trying to the... Production is derived from the supply of that factor of production portion over which costs... Able to produce as much of its product as possible by each worker... Wage of each worker is $ 10 per call per call in its production land and footprint! Provide fresh salmon that she will pay to her crew members and her supply of that of! To crew members, conduct research on the price and quantity of airplanes will! Within occupations, away from routine tasks and towards nonroutine tasks, is pervasive, most demand for factors of production is derived demand! Not every hydraulic engineer would be an example of b. joint demand catches and supplies to the point where revenue... 1Strictly speaking, it is determined by the price of the good produced numbers of workers yields marginal! Produces and sells Custom bathroom vanities good or service produced a. the price of sandwiches and wage! Produce as much of its product as possible example developed in Chapter....
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