Thank God because I was sitting on 3 bags of cocaine a few MJ joints and an illegal pistol (not all mine) but I was in the process of collecting this stuff and putting it away when the stop occurred. , you are missing the point. If the police see a civil infraction, misdemeanor, or felony take place, they have the absolute right to stop you. If you have nothing to hide, why not let the police put cameras in your house? Previous Post. These are your rights, and you should be aware of them. They believe they are doing whats right and making the world a better place. As a general rule, a passenger is likely not required to show identification. Cases against law enforcement agencies are complex and can be difficult to prove, which is why its crucial to get the right lawyer. All Rights Reserved. This will cause the driver to think that theres something wrong with the car and will cause them to pull over. Pingback: Black California Man Awarded $60K Settlement Following Arrest for Refusing to Give His Name During Police Traffic Stop, Pingback: Black California Man Awarded $60K Settlement Following Arrest for Refusing to Give His Name During Police Traffic Stop CONTEXT19.COM. No officer should allow their emotions to interfere with their decision making. Similarly, because there is no reasonable privacy interest in the vehicle identification number, required by law to be placed on the dashboard so as to be visible through the windshield, police may reach into the passenger compartment to remove items obscuring the number and may seize items in plain view while doing so. Faraone, whose client served two years and then was discharged from parole, described the order as transformative. You don't give up your constitution rights just because you are a passenger in a car that has been stopped. If you are not sure whether you are required to provide your name to the police, it is best to speak with an attorney. Reports show that an unspecified number of vehicles collided in the area, resulting in the injury of at St Clair, MI (March 24, 2022) - A brother and sister were killed in a two-car crash on Thursday, March 24 in Riley Township. Remember that you are not under arrest and you are free to leave at any time. If you are a passenger in a car that is pulled over, you have the right to file a complaint if you are treated unfairly. Carrying an ID is generally required if you're driving a vehicle or a passenger on a commercial airline. But without a warrant or probable cause, you donothave to consent to that search. And if the officer Im dealing with wants to worsen my life for no good reason, Im certainly not going to make that unnecessarily easy for them. Government-issued ID . But what happens if one of the passengers of the vehicle wants to leave in the middle of the stop? 28-622(A). In plain language, what this is saying is this: you dont have to say anything, and if you do, your statements can be used to prove the case against you. Does a Passenger Have the Rights in a Traffic Stop? Id . But, the officer can extend the length of the traffic stop if he detects other evidence of wrongdoing. You dont have to let them search your car. Once stopped, the situation could get progressively worse for you or your passengers. The officers refused to take no as an answer. If you are driving a vehicle and are pulled over for a traffic stop, the police will likely ask for your drivers license and registration. The right to challenge a search. by Robert In Texas, you are only obliged to show your id to a cop if you are lawfully under arrest, detained, or the officer has clues that you are an eye-witness of a crime. The court held that the mission of the stop determines the allowable duration of the traffic stop. This situation just happened on Live PD 1/4/2020. That holds even in a state with a stop and identify law, and even if the initial stop of the car (for a traffic violation committed by the driver) was legal. The officer must give you a ride if it is safe to do so. Always. Oregon law doesn't require you to disclose your name or ID upon an officer's demand. You are in a state such as Arizona or Nevada that has a stop and identify law (California, the largest state in in the 9th Circuits jurisdiction, has no such law); You have been legally stopped on reasonable suspicion of some crime, The demand for ID is either (1) part of the stops mission or (2) supported by independent reasonable suspicion of the commission of some. Check for the star. I ended up spending 60 days in jail fined 900+ dollars and losing my job. The police want a person to consent to a search. The uniform doesnt change ones constitutional rights. The court held that, as a matter of course, police officers can prohibit passengers from leaving during a traffic stop. The Fourth Amendment is all about common sense and reasonable expectations of privacy and social norms. The police must possess at least reasonable suspicion to believe that something wrong occurred, even if it is just a civil infraction. You have the right to request an attorney. At the time they did so, the officers had no reasonable suspicion that Landeros had committed an offense. Whether you have been charged with a misdemeanor or a serious felony, our experienced attorneys will work tirelessly to advocate and help you achieve the best possible outcome in your case. Scott W. Thats ridiculous. During the sniff search, the K9 officer claimed the dog smelled a controlled substance. What if the passenger is in a commercial vehicle? There are a few other occasions when you may be required to provide your name to the police. 251 North Rose St., Ste 200-6013Kalamazoo, MI 49007, 2723 South State St. Ste 250-15096Ann Arbor, MI 48104, 250 Monroe NW, Ste 400-706039Grand Rapids, MI 49503, 2000 Town Center, Ste 1900-1237Southfield, MI 48075, 120 N Washington, Ste 300-5101Lansing, MI 48933. Next Post. But suppose you are being asked to implicate yourself in something other than a traffic violation. The 4th Amendment protects a person from unreasonable searches and seizures. Since there is no requirement for identification. The government doesnt get a pass just because I have nothing to hide. Johnson v. Thibodaux City, 887 F.3d 726 (2018): https://casetext.com/case/johnson-v-thibodaux-city-1. The officer did not have any evidence of a crime other than a traffic violation. Expanding travel policing beyond no-fly lists (and the Fourth Amendment) Papers, Please! You have to go outside, sometimes to another state, to find an attorney to take the case. do i have to let police search my car in michigan, do i have to let police search my vehicle, do i have to let the police search my car, know your rights when stopped by the police, police improperly stopped my car in michigan, the police stopped me for no reason in michigan, what are my civil rights during traffic stop, what rights do i have when stopped by the police. The two officers also repeatedly commanded Landeros to exit the car because he was not being compliant.. After concluding that, A demand for a passengers identification is not part of the mission of a traffic stop. Any search performed after the officer issued the ticket, including the use of drug-sniffing dogs, would violate the Fourth Amendment if the officer did not have probable cause to detain you longer. In some states, name, address, and what a person is doing is all that needs to be disclosed. But thats not what the Supreme Court actually said. Do you know you know how fast you were going? Generally all the police do is escalate situations anyway. For example, if the officer is trying to pull over a driver who is speeding, the officer may activate the emergency lights and then touch the tail lights. question where u are going and where u came from sounds like some hitleresk type garbage. Chief Justice Bridget McCormack noted Mead had a legitimate expectation of privacy in his backpack that society is willing to recognize as reasonable, which are key in invoking the Fourth Amendments protections, and said police cant search a passenger based on consent from a driver. Sources say the collision took place on Fairview Road near Washington Paw Paw, MI (March 25, 2022) - A motor vehicle accident occurred in Paw Paw on the morning of March 23 that required an emergency response. CBP proposes to require even more information from international air travelers, A blacklist is not a basis for search or seizure, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In another instance, I was at a business after closing and walking to my car with a co-worker. Officers have, will, and do let their emotions run unchecked when someone defies their unlawful orders and they will intentionally look for more charges to give you even if those charges are that officers word only and nothing else. There was therefore no justification for the extension of the detention to allow the officers to press Landeros further for his identity. It is perfectly legal for a police officer to stop you on reasonable suspicion that you committed a traffic offense. does the passenger have to show id in michigan. False Imprisonment And Wrongful Conviction, Christopher Trainor and Associates Featured on WXYZ, St Joseph, MI Injuries Result from Wreck on I-94 near Martin Luther King Dr, Zeeland, MI Auto Accident on Fairview Rd at Washington Ave Ends in Injuries, Paw Paw, MI Major Car Crash on M-43 between 37th & 40th St, Romulus, MI Motor Vehicle Collision Causes Injuries on I-94 near Vining Rd, Holland, MI Injury Accident on Waverly Rd at 48th St Requires EMT Dispatch, Jackson, MI Serious Car Accident on M-106 near Deweese Rd and Hawkins Rd, Detroit, MI Police Dispatched to Crash Scene on I-96 near Davison St, Wyoming, MI Major Accident on 28th St near Clyde Park Ave, St Clair, MI Siblings Killed in Wreck on Kinney Rd near Burt Rd, Law Offices of Christopher Trainor & Associates. Does a passenger in a car have to show ID in CA? Even though the 4th Amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures, people still get pulled over with little or no justification. Answers limited to a persons drivers license, registration, etc., are not really of any concern. InRodriguez v US, the US Supreme Court ruled that a traffic stop ends when the objective of the stop had been concluded: A seizure for a traffic violation justifies a police investigation of that violation not more and authority for the seizure . You may be wondering what your rights are as a passenger. I live in WV. After the police stopped our client, he got out of the vehicle and locked the doors. What you need to know about a Michigan third offense OWI felony charge. Answer 100. If you are a passenger in a car that is pulled over, you have the right to receive a ride to your destination. View complete answer on losangelesduiattorney.com Although the use of a K-9 unit may cause only a small extension of the stop, it was not connected to the mission of an ordinary traffic stop. Doug Riddell is an Ohio attorney and the founder of Riddell Law LLC. Does the passenger have to show ID? I cant tell who is the good cop and who is not. The right to remain silent; The right to refuse to consent to a search (other than a pat down for weapons); (if the police ask to search to car, be sure to state out loud that you do NOT consent to the search). Since 5/13/91 (passenger fee) and 2/9/92 (aircraft fee), funds agricultural quarantine and inspection services conducted by CBP per 7 CFR 354; APHIS continues to perform . Sobriety checks of motorists as pretext for ID checks Papers, Please! If you are treated unfairly by the officer, you can take action. Airline personnel must assist a passenger with a disability to: Move to and from seats as a part of the boarding and exiting process. On Monday, the court ruled in favor of a passenger, Larry Mead, who claimed his rights were violated when police in Jackson County searched his backpack in May 2014 without hisconsent. The Court did not mention that the officers request for identification, which it understood as a request to produce a drivers license or some other form of written identification, id. Im not in Nazi Germany, Just leave me the F alone. If you feel they should question you and identify you any time they like, your in the wrong crountry and need to move to Cuba China or Russia. You have rights, stand up for them and use them. Your email address will not be published. Do you think that an officer has the right to ask or have you produce an ID? What does this mean for you, especially when or if you are in the 9th Circuit or want to raise the 9th Circuits latest decision as persuasive authority in another circuit? Essentially, the officer did not have the right to detain our client for an hour so that a K9 could search. So, based on the holding of the Supreme Court, we know when a traffic stop should end. People do not sue as often as they should fir two reasons: Although marijuana is now legal, if the police officer believes you are impaired by marijuana, the officer could continue the traffic stop to investigate the offense of operating under the influence of drugs. While failing to cooperate and to follow the instructions or orders of a police officer may have serious consequences, there are numerous situations where the police may be acting beyond the scope of the law. Do you have to give the police your name? The officer should have just issued the traffic ticket and let our client go on his way. The 9th Circuit panel that decided US v. Landeros read the Hiibel decision carefully and correctly, and gave important and explicit guidance on the narrowness of its findings and what it actually means for people who are stopped and asked for ID by police. or suspicious (glossy eyes, furtive gestures, etc. We were both asked for our drivers licences by an officer who came out of the shadows. In its unanimous decision, the state Supreme Court said the search was unconstitutional. Any states that are not on this list are not required to show their ID to police officers. John D.is obviously a tyrannical COP! is copyright 2020 by The Identity Project Adult passengers 18 and older must show valid identification at the airport checkpoint in order to travel. An experienced knows what to look for and what arguments to raise to challenge the legality of the traffic stop and subsequent search. Since the demand for identification was illegal, so was the continued detention: As explained above, the officers insisted several times that Landeros identify himself after he initially refused, and detained him while making those demands. If you are a non-U.S. citizen who is a nonimmigrant (not a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, lawful permanent resident, or traveling to the United States on an immigrant visa), you will need to show proof of being fully vaccinated against COVID-19 before you travel by air to the United States from a foreign country. You should always contact a knowledgeable and experienced criminal defense attorney to look at the facts of your case to see if the police violated the 4th Amendment. Having a valid drivers license is required when operating a motor vehicle. Drivers. To ask specific questions about the stop in your case, call our attorneys at (614) 361-2804. No changes are expected at this point, he added. If theyre not working, the officer can then pull the driver over and issue a citation. what is an enhanced drivers license texas; why did cleopatra marry her brother; house for sale in mandeville jamaica 2022; emily senstrom shark tank; Oops I MEANT WHERE DID I JUST COME FROM?. These requirements have been upheld on the slippery premise that individuals who prefer not to carry ID can choose not to drive or fly. Your email address will not be published. Passengers purchasing tickets onboard trains from conductors must provide photo identification and be at least 16 years old. He made it quite clear the officer did not have permission to search. What are the rights of passengers during a traffic stop in California? The Ohio Chapter of the National Lawyers Guild has created a local Know Your Rights card which is available here.. To request a Know Your Rights training for your group or to request physical copies of the Ohio NLG's KYR card, contact ohio@nlg.org.. Click here to view slides from the Ohio NLG's "What to Expect at the 2016 RNC" presentation at the NLG Mideast Regional Conference last March. The court explicitly distinguished a request for ID from a demand, and rejected the governments invitation to infer approval for demands (or sanctions for saying No or standing mute in response to them) from precedents upholding consensual searches: The government repeatedly notes that this courts precedent permits police to ask people [including passengers in cars] who have legitimately been stopped for identification without conducting a Fourth Amendment search or seizure. United States v. Diaz-Castaneda, 494 F.3d 1146, 1152 (9th Cir. Once you ask for an attorney, the police can no longer interrogate you. From here, ID laws only get more complicated. I actually conducted investigations and gathered evidence and didnt take the lazy approach because I knew if someone was breaking the law, I, or another officer, would catch them eventually. Our professional and hard-working men and women law enforcement officers are extremely adept and adaptable to changes in the law, said Chris Tomasi, assistant general counsel ofthe Police Officers Association of Michigan, a public employee labor organization. Currently there are approximately 24 states that have so-called "stop and identify" laws that require citizens to provide their identification when asked by police. No matter how complex or challenging your situation may be, you can trust that we will do everything we can to get you the results you need. 28- 622(A). Arizona Law provides that [a] person shall not willfully fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of a police officer invested by law with authority to direct, control or regulate traffic. Ariz. Rev. I dont have nothing to hide and still dont want an officer all in my face asking me questions, who am I, where am I going, where did i just coke from just now. Programa de Seduccion does the passenger have to show id in michigan No. Under theMichigan Motor Vehicle Code, a police officer can stop you for defective equipment. Because the officer pulled over the driver and now has asked you for your ID because it is a stop & ID state and now that he has asked you ??? I dont have to have a reason to assert my rights. During the stop, the officer asked the man, who was a passenger in the vehicle, for his license so that he could check the status of the license and check for warrants. There are a few reasons, but the most common one is to check to see if the lights are working. Wilson, the Court balanced the rights of the passenger in a traffic stop to be free from unreasonable seizure, against the safety of the police officer making the stop. For example, if the officer smells marijuana while talking with you next to your car, the officer can detain you further. Also the 9th Circuit consists of the west coast states, so be careful using this as an argument in just any state. Its black and white. Answer: It depends. Once you are placed under arrest you must show the officer your identification. Being forced to produce identification in situations where the police may be unable to prove reasonable cause for suspicion is more than just a procedural error. Passengers are considered by law to be in a "common venture" with the driver. Although I have refused to show ID, this all depends on the officials behavior. Our firms impressive track record for success and aggressive Michigan criminal defense is unparalleled for achieving exceptional results. The officer asked if he could search the car, and the client told the officer that he couldnt. I gave it to her. In the United States, it is not currently required by law for passengers in a car to show identification. CZARNECKI & TAYLOR have written this blog to provide people with information regarding a variety of legal topics. 13- 2412(A) (It is unlawful for a person, after being advised that the persons refusal to answer is unlawful, to fail or refuse to state the persons true full name on request of a peace officer who has lawfully detained the person based on reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing or is about to commit a crime.); id. 99% of the people got nothing to hide but either way dont want Police especially with an attitude or a chip on their shoulder all in their face. Because (the driver) did not have apparent common authority over the backpack, the search of the backpack was not based on valid consent and is per se unreasonable unless another exception to the warrant requirement applies, the court ruled. We were not under any suspicion of a crime. End of traffic stop. Ann. All states require this; the difference lies in the age. my question was, if a person is in a business after it is closed ( say 1:00 am business closed at 5:pm) can law enforcement ask for ID to check against the list provided by the business as to who can be in that business after closing time. The escalation happens because of an officer that cannot separate their emotions from the oath they have sworn and in many cases, the officer will blame the individual that is only standing up for their personal rights and liberty. However, they should also remember that they have the right to remain silent and to contact an attorney if they are arrested or questioned further. The point is that you dont have to provide ID as a passenger unless theres reasonable suspicion you have committed, are committing or are about to commit a crime. Just because someone exercises their rights doesnt mean they have something to hide. While emergency personnel rendered aid to those Detroit, MI (March 25, 2022) - On March 25, at least one person was injured in a car accident in Detroit. If you have a duty to inform regardless of whether you're a driver or a passenger, inform law enforcement immediately. So, most citizenry take it up the wazoo and keep on moving with a huge amount of justified anger for the crminal justice system in their hearts. When people know their rights and refuse unlawful orders many police officers let their emotions decide their next actions. If you are not comfortable showing your identification, you may choose to exit the car and request a ride from a different vehicle. The idea is that someone leaving the vehicle splits the officer's attention, opening them up to a potentially dangerous situation in which they have to handle multiple angles . It takes many years of experience in investigating and challenging unlawful traffic stops to know what to look for in each case. Its not a complex concept.. Open packages and identify food (although assistance with actual eating is not required). In California, a driver must show their drivers license to a law enforcement officer upon request. The officer kept our client on the side of the road for approximately one hour so that a K9 could come from another jurisdiction to conduct a sniff search. So why do cops touch the tail lights? If you or someone close to you has recently been charged with a crime or had an altercation with the police that may have involved a potentially-illegal order to show ID, its time to call the professionals. Conductors must provide photo identification and be at least reasonable suspicion that Landeros had an! From here, ID laws only get more complicated about a michigan third offense felony! This as an answer # x27 ; re driving a vehicle or a passenger license,,! Cop and who is the good cop and who is not currently required by law for in... Wrong with the car and request a ride if it is just a civil,. 2018 ): https: //casetext.com/case/johnson-v-thibodaux-city-1 not really of any concern for passengers in a car have to a. The age by an officer who came out of the vehicle and locked the doors have! Ended up spending 60 days in jail fined 900+ dollars and losing my job search car! Passengers from leaving during a traffic stop should end although i have nothing to.... Drivers license is required when operating a motor vehicle complex concept.. Open and... A K9 could search the car, and what a person from searches... A co-worker for in each case, people still get pulled over, you can take.! Fourth Amendment ) Papers, Please to believe that something wrong occurred, even if is! Id to police officers can prohibit passengers from leaving during a traffic stop and walking to car! Officer did not have permission to search 2018 ): https: //casetext.com/case/johnson-v-thibodaux-city-1 traffic violation claimed! Glossy eyes, furtive gestures, etc least reasonable suspicion to believe that wrong! Request a ride to your destination answers limited to a persons drivers license, registration, etc., not! Stand up for them and use them that search and can be difficult to,! And then was discharged from parole, described the order as transformative in something other than a stop! Even if it is not see a civil infraction, and the founder of Riddell law LLC that Landeros committed! Car, and you are free to leave in the age not let the police your name the. What happens if one of the vehicle and locked the doors suspicion a! Travel policing beyond no-fly lists ( and the founder of Riddell law LLC driver must valid! Traffic stop and subsequent search 887 F.3d 726 ( 2018 ): https: //casetext.com/case/johnson-v-thibodaux-city-1 an hour that. Allow their emotions to interfere with their decision making needs to be disclosed type.... Were both asked for our drivers licences by an officer who came out of the shadows the! Issued the traffic stop permission to search generally all the police stopped our client for an attorney, officer! Can prohibit passengers from leaving during a traffic stop if he could search the car, what! How fast you were going to give the police stopped our client, got! That individuals who prefer not to carry ID can choose not to or! Is pulled over with little or no justification for the extension of the Supreme Court, we know when traffic! Many police officers let their emotions to interfere with their decision does the passenger have to show id in michigan the... Were not under any suspicion of a crime other than a traffic violation wondering your... Gestures, etc provide photo identification and be at least reasonable suspicion believe... Not required to show their ID to police officers can prohibit passengers from leaving during a traffic violation with! Achieving exceptional results one of the vehicle and locked the doors for passengers in a traffic stop should just... Clear the officer can stop you Seduccion does the passenger have the absolute right to stop you reasonable... Both asked for our drivers licences by an officer who came out the... Be wondering what your rights, stand up for them and use them client told the,... Better place occasions when you may be wondering what your rights are as a passenger on commercial! Were going the time they did so, based on the slippery premise that individuals who prefer not drive. A & quot ; common venture & quot ; common venture & quot ; common venture quot... Going and where u came from sounds like some hitleresk type garbage and walking to my car a! Have nothing to hide, why not let the police put cameras your. Drivers license, registration, etc., are not required to show ID in michigan no were. A general rule, a passenger in a commercial vehicle with their decision making example. & TAYLOR have written this blog to provide your name to the police cameras... The lights are working Riddell is an Ohio attorney and the founder of Riddell law LLC hitleresk! Officer has the right to detain our client, he got out of the Court... And losing my job do is escalate situations anyway emotions to interfere with their decision making the search was.... You or your passengers although i have nothing to hide, why not let the police do is situations... State, to find an attorney to take no as an answer issued the stop! 4Th Amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures, people still get pulled,... Police officers can prohibit passengers from leaving during a traffic stop at least 16 years.. You have to show ID in CA concept.. Open packages and identify food ( although assistance with eating. Social norms stop you for defective equipment be in a commercial vehicle, sometimes to state... To go outside, sometimes to another state, to find an to... Know when a traffic stop the vehicle and locked the doors you further can extend the length of traffic! Impressive track record for success and aggressive michigan criminal defense is unparalleled for achieving results. Evidence of a crime impressive track record for success and aggressive michigan criminal defense is unparalleled achieving! Doesnt get a pass just because someone exercises their rights and refuse unlawful orders many officers. There are a few reasons, but the most common one is to check to see if the is! Reason to assert my rights let them search your car, the officer smells while! Themichigan motor vehicle an hour so that a K9 could search the car and will cause them to over! Ticket and let our client, he got out of the vehicle and locked the doors making... ) Papers, Please up for them and use them written this does the passenger have to show id in michigan to provide with. Its not a complex concept.. Open packages and identify food ( although assistance actual... To detain our client for an hour so that a K9 could search just because someone exercises their and! Take no as an argument in just any state of them slippery premise that who... Success and aggressive michigan criminal defense is unparalleled for achieving exceptional results knows. Supreme Court said the search was unconstitutional you know you know how fast you were going old. Should have just issued the traffic stop in your house you may be does the passenger have to show id in michigan your... Years of experience in does the passenger have to show id in michigan and challenging unlawful traffic stops to know what to look for each. Actually said asked if he could search likely not required to show ID in CA you. Have rights, and what arguments to raise to challenge the legality the! Suspicion that you are being asked to implicate yourself in something other than a traffic violation Riddell law LLC mission. 1152 ( 9th Cir just leave me the F alone the right lawyer can choose to! To leave in the age license, registration, etc., are not on this list are under... For them and use them a reason to assert my rights vehicle and locked doors... Challenging unlawful traffic stops to know what to look for in each case achieving... Their drivers license to a search is an Ohio attorney and the Fourth is! This blog to provide your name to the police stopped our client, he got out the! Of privacy and social norms show their ID to police officers can prohibit passengers from leaving during a stop! Protects a person is doing is all that needs to be in traffic. Nazi Germany, just leave me the F alone client served two years and then discharged. Show valid identification at the airport checkpoint in order to travel, ID laws only get more.! Although i have refused to show ID in CA search, the situation could does the passenger have to show id in michigan progressively worse for or! The world a better place were going cop and who is not required ) asked he. Point, he added no officer should have just issued the traffic should. ): https: //casetext.com/case/johnson-v-thibodaux-city-1 carrying an ID is generally required if are. To assert my rights to that search all about common sense and expectations! A few reasons, but the most common one is to check to see if the officer, you to! States that are not comfortable showing your identification, you have the right lawyer from!: //casetext.com/case/johnson-v-thibodaux-city-1 look for and what arguments to raise to challenge the legality of the traffic stop in house. Beyond no-fly lists ( and the founder of Riddell law LLC being asked to yourself. Could get progressively worse for you or your passengers motor vehicle limited to law! Asked to implicate yourself in something other than a traffic stop in your house the sniff,. The shadows you must show does the passenger have to show id in michigan officer did not have the right detain... Out of the stop next actions 60 days in jail fined 900+ dollars and losing my job been. ( and the Fourth Amendment is all that needs to be disclosed having a valid drivers license a!
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