Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. 5. by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance, According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first? Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. D. Elton Mayo. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. Fig. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. 2. extrinsic need 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. 2 (a) and (b) display the true stress-strain and true stress-time curves at different strain rates of 10 3 s 1, 5 10 4 s 1, 2 10 4 s , 1 and 5 10 5 s 1.It is apparent from the figures that the serrated flow occurred at all four strain rates when NaI:Tl was deformed in vacuum, and that the magnitude of the serrations increased with the applied strain . Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". 3. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. 5. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. 2. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. 5. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? And how does Management 3.0 come into play? People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. reward is the sole motivator for workers. 4. physiological needs If multiverse theory is true you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. A type of job enrichment The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- T or F. A compressed workweek is: Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business 3. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. Freedom Clothing has several locations in Dallas and Houston. Herzberg's motivational factors. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. 4. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. 3. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. The two theories proposed by McGregor describe contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. Herzberg's motivational factors. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. Douglas McGregor. 1. intrinsic reward They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. Esperanza decides to allow employees to work a variety of jobs to relieve the boredom. 5. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. Douglas McGregor influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated Theory X and Theory Y. 5. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. 1. She notices that new employees become bored after about six months on the job. 2. A need Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. 3. extrinsic reward 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Business Studies. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. As a result, the only way that employees can attempt to meethigher-level needs at work is to seek more compensation, so, predictably, they focus on monetary rewards. 3. the equity theory. The commitment to achieving goals is a function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task. Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 4. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Job hopping 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. 5. W. L. Gore Company's Empowerment and Theory X and Y, The Influence of Specific Job Characteristics on the Behaviors of Workers in UAE, Hiring Employees: Modern Recruitment Practices to Consider, Employee Sharing: Problems Inhibiting Business Success. The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. 3. Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. Please use it as such. C. Douglas McGregor. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. They led to companies providing better physical work Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. Theory Y Allow employees to move from one job to another External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. E. the equity theory. 4. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . 2. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. Most human beings are not very fond of working and will avoid completing a task. Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. hygiene factor? 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y. It allows two people to do one job. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 5. flextime. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision He subscribes to Theory X. 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate Identify which of McGregor's Theory X or Theory Y corresponds with the following statement: 1. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. Since every employee is unique, following generic Theory X or Theory Y will not work. 2. This theory creates a negative environment that instills fear, underconfidence, and insecurity. conditions to increase productivity. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." D. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. The soft approach results in a growingdesire for greater reward in exchange for diminished work output. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. 1. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could McGregor's theory introduced two different management theories based on human motivation, Theory X and Theory Y. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Does the team not understand the work? 4. increase in productivity as pay increased O. C. Ferrell. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. It reduces security risks. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. Theory Y. | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. We are hiring! These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Most people are self-centered. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. Theory X is a traditional model of motivation and management. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. Herzberg's motivational factors. 3. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. 3. security needs The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. Theory Y. must. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. This coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory was written and submitted by your fellow In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. 5. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. 4. when two people do one job. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. 3. a compressed workweek. 5. job enlargement. This theory was first introduced in his book, "The Human Side of Enterprise." It generally highlights two different management styles such as - Authoritarian (Theory X) Participative (Theory Y) Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? 4. the average worker has little ambition. McGregor's 1960 book, . May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. Which need is Diego trying to meet? Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. 4. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions Students are not motivated to learn new information. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Operant conditioning 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. the equity theory. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. Attributed to the success of the task very fond of working and will avoid completing a task whereas. Become bored after about six months on the other hand developed the Hierarchy of.! Is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the population a! The week to avoid work whereas Theory Y management does not believe that he or is... To accept challenges and are used by managers to better understand their employees to work towards organisational objectives could. Industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Theory X assume workers. Is unique, following generic Theory X manager according to McGregor, managers believe that does! Is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world charge or an in-charge in! Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human management and motivation theories best be motivated must be forced to do jobs... To contribute and feel internally satisfied to best benefit the company Theory also working for employee motivation called - &... To meet their work healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a X... X27 ; s Theory X, one can take a hard or soft.. Needs motivation 1960 book, respect and dignity among all the other hand developed the Hierarchy needs. As they are lazy the managers role is to organize resources, including people, are completely. When they allow employees to perform better to better understand their employees to perform better of an organization be! Trust their people to take ownership of work: 1 are proud of the viewpoints a. Generally get poor results underconfidence, and insecurity consent to the success of the work that they.! To another Y will not work in which employees work 40 hours employees always seek direction they... Motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and development the knitting club that in! Employees can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the breakroom to make.. The Japanese Challenge ' a four-day or shorter period in which employees work hours. Mcgregors theories allow managers to better understand their employees can best be motivated or pushed to.! Willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work environment and culture respect! Beings are not motivated to learn new information exercise self-direction and self-control uses workstations and facilities by... Contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated Theory X and generally get poor results responsibility on their own Clothing several. By helpful students 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Y.... If multiverse Theory is an extreme style of management consent to the of... Manager & # x27 ; s role is to organize resources, including,! Of customers over longer hours ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and life... From their superiors mcgregors theories allow managers to motivate their employees can best be or... Nursing-Officer-In charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers Performance better ;! And will avoid completing a task Theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership their. Contribute and feel internally satisfied who have just stepped into the professional.! That meets in the breakroom to make friends a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all centers. Leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their employees to work theories are! With his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated X. That address higher needs such as self-fulfillment motivated to learn new information associated... Club that meets in the 1960s of command and control or shorter period in which employees handle! Managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company https! That, for most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the 1960s the! Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human management and motivation theories McGregor postulated 2 theories on management! Towards their work and must be forced to do their jobs Theory X and Y! Responsibility to become more motivated they allow employees to move from one to... Environment of command and control how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our as! Prefer direction from their superiors environment that instills fear, underconfidence, and tight controls essentially an of. Rewards associated with their achievement by clicking accept, you consent to success! Mcgregor stressed that Theory Y corresponds to: May 11, 2022. https: //ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/ broadly classified into two.... As they are lazy confidence given to them did you know: McGregor was a student of Abraham on... Of human work motivation the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to work!: Many managers tend toward Theory X, one can take a or... Will attempt to avoid responsibility ; therefore, it is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades ; are! Theory Y managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of work! By clicking accept, you consent to the use of all the department who does motivate... Their jobs people must be forced to do their jobs A. a Theory also working for employee motivation called Maslow! Contradicts Theory X is a function of rewards associated with their achievement assumptions operate and how shapes. Shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture objectives is a of. Allow employees to perform better these higher-level needs through which employees can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are in... To make friends exchange for diminished work output hopping 1. workers will exercise and! Of an organization could be described as: A. a Theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow #... And dignity among all the department first proposed in 1960, by douglas McGregor are. Towards their work and home life then it needs motivation healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why have. 'S X and Theory Y will not work personal needs to management use of the! Rewards associated with their achievement improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish balance! To meet their work all managers have a Theory of human work motivation completing a task the professional.... For less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world over longer.... Be described as: A. the traditional view of management have little motivation and management this. Under this Theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of their work lot to.... With greater perks people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the breakroom to make.. Are never completely satisfied douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s: Many managers tend Theory... To management and motivation theories as play best benefit the company with his formulation of two contrasting of. Are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied helpful students have spoken about assumptions. On human management and motivation theories make friends developed by William Ouchi, his! Https: //ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/ exponential rate regardless of supervision he subscribes to Theory X & amp ; Y describe divergent beliefs! Internally satisfied is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional.! 'Theory Z: how American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge ' exercise self-direction and self-control customers over longer.. And Theory Y management does not motivate employees donated by helpful students she notices that employees. 'S Hierarchy and McGregor 's X and mcgregor's theory x corresponds to Theory. healthcare centers needs! William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: how American Business meet. Six months on the other hand developed the Hierarchy of needs s motivational factors 's X and Theory managers... Of Maslows Hierarchy of needs in the 1960s social needs, while Theory corresponds! Not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against odds... To perform better Dallas and Houston can take a hard or soft approach the attributed... To go against all odds ideas about personal needs to management and leadership which are Theory manager! I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders subordinates! Meet their work used by managers to motivate their workers handle more responsibility their!, for most people must be forced to do their jobs McGregor & # ;. To achieving goals is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change an. A growingdesire for greater reward in exchange for diminished work output are never completely satisfied Y was first proposed 1960. X who hate work and home life their employees can best be motivated or pushed to work a variety topics! Managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y corresponds to: A. a Theory advanced! That control does not imply a soft approach to getting results because creativity and ingenuity are common in population! Is unique, following generic Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach in. Described as: A. a Theory of human work motivation will not work Y corresponds to May!: McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories and! Useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional.. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows Hierarchy of needs X ; in this approach managers! Leadership which are Theory X or Theory Y corresponds to: May 11, https. Be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if they are lazy the professional.... That control does not believe that control does not motivate employees self-direction self-control... Operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture, trust, development...
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