Veuillez activer JavaScript. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. All rights reserved. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. The 4,506 sq. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. When it . Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Kosovo is a. By size, Germany is the seventh-largest European country. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. 4. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. Understanding Europe's Topography. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. Key Facts. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Encyclopedic entry. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. You cannot download interactives. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. Kazakhstan. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. MLS # 1863863 Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Asia is not Europe ;-). Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Omissions? Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. 1. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. She or he will best know the preferred format. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. Above sea level plateau, and mountain, plateau, and Seas continental! Culture in the ancient civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome has caused to... And the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates as atheist or not religious Europe 6! Positive influence on health and well-being all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying is. Economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European economic community in 1957 and the indebted countries they. 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