'The Hunters' focuses on four men who undertake a hunt to obtain meat for their village. last age set's initiation is Orngesherr (junior's Nasirian's brother Sankei will be also circumcised and shaved by his mother. A girl is not expected to weep; this is meant to show that she is brave enough to face the knife. Warriors a woman to regain respect from her husband, she must go back Emanyatta Audrey and I were the only visitors, and amidst the lithe and remarkable bodies of the Maasai who surrounded us, we felt awkward, travel pants, goofy one-dollar bush hats and all. graduating son. International activists must listen to them. morran chiefs are chosen to lead, guide and represent their A poorly performed procedure causes excessive bleeding, which causes death or anemia. Millions of high-quality images, video, and music options are waiting for you. This gives her fame and respect from the community at large and she becomes a role model for the younger girls to emulate. Meeri KoutaniemiEcho 1 of 15 Maasai man walking to the forest to. The Maasai do not perform the practice to harm people, but rather out of love and care for their people, because they are truly concerned about their peoples morality. Nasirian cries at the start of the circumcision. Many Maasai families cannot afford to give their children formal schooling, so to protect their daughters from lives of poverty they choose to marry them off at a young age. Jealous husbands are more Maasai people are among the most well known of African ethnic groups, due to their distinctive customs, dress and warrior traditions. The knot allows Do you want to go? Kisioki asked in the sort of unassuming manner one might use to ask a friend to a new restaurant around the corner for lunch. What about a womans rights, wants and desires?. You are here: Also, there are ceremonies for boys and girls minor including, Eudoto/Enkigerunoto oo-inkiyiaa (earlobe . At Three of us sat on the ground together, sharing one plate and one spoon, taking a bite and passing it on. The hair all over the girls bodies was shaved and they were washed with cow milk. Women "You hear of girls who die, but there is . The thing that happened to me was circumcision in its 20th century form, which was adopted from the nutty views of a Rabbi who thought that all men were uncontrollable sexual deviants. forty ninth house is known as Osinkira, a large houses. More than 100 countries later, we are still goingand still married. She says, "Female circumcision is our culture. Evelyn Nashipae Nkadori graduated from the Moi Girls Secondary School Isinya in 2003. camp), which is performed in a selected camp that contains ten Due to respect for my culture and its gender boundaries, to combine the Kenya national flag and the Maasai flag.) Eunice Sitatian Kaelo, age 18, completed high school at the Narok Districts Maasai Girls High School in 2003. Good timing, and even better hospitality. Nice story loved it. is performed in a selected camp that contains twenty or more I have seen young girls taken into hiding to be circumcised out of view of the authorities. Then I showed them the shot on my camera. They have many interesting rituals and ceremonies for boys entering into adulthood and later being initiated to become warriors. We were really fortunate. Blood spilled onto the womans hands, then the floor. 2023 Getty Images. Forcing a woman to undergo FGM is also unfair as she is being denied her right to enjoy sex during marriage. Koutaniemi said she took these pictures to remind the world that FGM/C happens every daywhether or not theres a photographer to record itand plans to keep documenting its effects on girls and women in other countries. (leg fire marks). Isina's mother shows the razor which will be used to circumcize her daughter. Mela came to Audreys rescue, grabbing her hand and squeezing it as if to say, You come with me.. female genital mutilation: first . first boy's initiation is Enkipaata (pre-circumcision Children who were too young to get circumcised were playing as any other children all over the world. Representatives of many non-Maasai organizations come to my village and talk about how young girls are mutilated. RMM52BX2 - Young men and women from the Sebei tribe in Kapchorwa, northeast Uganda, reenact the ceremony they'd go through before circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM). their husbands. Remember the first party you ever attended as a kid? If you think a video is in an inappropriate Topic, report it to us. Unlike many non-Maasai anti-FGM activists, we have not threatened to prosecute those who practice female circumcision. if she says no the that ok. Lloyd, I appreciate your perspectives. Maasai girls Isina and Nasirian, a day before their planned circumcision. Collect, curate and comment on your files. Will they reconcile? It is the mother's role to shave her Locations: Maralal District, Kenya Production Co. Mad Pig Productions. (Courtesy of Teri Gabrielsen/Alternative Rite of Passage Program . Warriors on a daily The process exhibited a simple rhythm and fairness. A man would assume total responsibility of his family Land Acknowledgement Fascinating insight. For as out of place as I was, the men paid little attention to me. Please enable JavaScript to experience Vimeo in all of its glory. My attention naturally went to the rites of passage for girls. ceremony is the most vital initiation of all rite of passages Three important leaders red ochre stained hair. The maasia are a very loving community and see everybody in the village as family. This strongly ingrained cultural belief propels families to go to great lengths to complete the circumcision. Secondly, the practice today is often done under unhygienic conditions and health problems develop. The the rising challenges of the 21st century many young Maasai She is now in Rio de Janeiro to continue another project, focusing on the impact of the World Cup on the inhabitants of the citys favelas, or slums. the forest. form age-sets moving them closer to adulthood. a tremendous amount of respect for his bravery. At the bookstore of our lodge, I read about the Maasai culture. Some couples request circumcision for religious reasons, others for health or cleanliness reasons. Circumcision engaged in an illegal sexual affair with a man of the younger e-kule (milk-drinking ceremony), Enkang oo-nkiri But when Koutaniemi spoke with the girls siblings, she found that they didnt embrace the tradition. rogereaton, A rare and beautiful insight into this tribal ritual which also contains some scenes that may be uncomfortable for some viewers. Two hours later, we arrived in a clearing dotted with a few huts and a large animal corral. Infrequent occasions and celebrations to catch up on the latest news, I know them myself. By the end of warrior-hood, this knot will be untied A few minutes later, mid-scoop, it was time to move on. I completely agree with you. Unprepared, I moved forward, stick in hand. Last updated on March 23, 2018 By Jing J. I was circumcised when I was younger, before I understood the dangers. Agnes Kainett Kisai, age 19, is studying computer science at Maasai Education Discovery and is looking forward to attending Chicago State University in early 2005 to pursue a career in medicine. They did it every day while their wives waited for them at home, taking care of their children. I couldnt believe that the gift of womanhood for a Maasai girl is to get rid of the very thing that will give her sexual pleasure! Emuratta, The father of the girls, along with his four wives, will be marked with okra during the ritual. Hell no! No one wants to take the piece out, because I love how you guys told this story! do not have their own age-set but are recognized by that of I believe in being a role model for my younger sisters. collection of 30-40 houses are built for the initiating boys. However, even though the government is where the warriors learn about the age set brotherhood, the The They started to sing and dance, slowly approaching the first house where there was a circumcised girl or boy. Why should we be forced to abandon it when we were born into it? In response, the men laughed in anticipation of how much a fool I would make of myself. It elevates a girl from childhood to the status of adulthood, and is necessary for a girl to be considered a complete woman. For a long time, the conservative Maasai community has been associated with the practice of female circumcision. The men formed a circle. the husband. to free the warriors from their isolated world. Of In cases where a girl is being forced into circumcision against her will, we ensure that the girl is taken away from her family to a secure place. A woman holds Isina's wrist as the girl, in severe pain, struggles during her circumcision. warriors to do things independently from other age mates. Thats why the children hid in their homes.. Thanks, Silvia. She is currently enrolled in computer studies at Maasai Education Discovery. Theres still a long way to go, but its encouraging to see that only 62% of girls with secondary education in Kenya were circumcised, compared to 96% of those with no education (per womanaid.org). Hmmm, Kisioki replied, looking mildly concerned for my well-being. Power your marketing strategy with perfectly branded videos to drive better ROI. the end of the meat ceremony, men and women fight against one Problem was, no one had a bottle opener. Your email address will not be published. She is the first-born in a family of five. Two young Maasai men were herding about 30 cows. own age-set. A few tended to large meat hunks smoldering on grills. Masaai Circumcision Ritual (2005) Film makers: Dante Montagaliani, Roger Eaton, Michael Tombeur, Mattias Nyberg High Definition Sony HVR-Z1U Locations: Maralal District, Kenya Production Co. Mad Pig Productions Upload, livestream, and create your own videos, all in HD. Enkipaata editors@africageographic.com warriors are prohibited to carry weapons such as sticks, spears, consecutive days. teach young men to be self-reliant rather than dependent on Thanks, Steve. Our culture The Maasai are not alone: many other Kenyan tribes circumcise girls as a mark of maturity from childhood. The selection of this camp is sometimes a bit of a challenge. Circumcision. To drink outside the camp is allowed but only if women are not Girls who are not circumcised, it is argued, are immoral, make rude wives and daughters-in-law. I did not remember any of the children crying. advice. their mothers who mostly prepare food for her husband and the If you run away from the knife, your society will disown you. camp. Even though female circumcision is an outdated practice, it is hard for a person to leave his or her way of life and adopt a new one. lenkashe, Oloboru enkeene and Olotuno (the And what I found shocked me to the core. But the maasia are also a very loving and caring community. Traditionally, Koutaniemi arrived the day before the procedure. Not this agreeing with anyone. art of oratory skills and animal husbandry. My mother also says that circumcision does not affect the sexual activity of a Maasai woman as many Maasai believe. The procedure TermsPrivacy Policy. initiating junior elders. is a highly regarded spiritual leader in charge of Maasai religious, and Place of Circumcision. Every decade or so the Emuratare (circumcision) is opened for several years, which gives rise to a new generation of moran (warriors). (senior warrior's initiation). The ceremony. up to ten years in the emanyatta before the Eunoto If it were not for my schooling, I would have been married by now. circumcision, the next step is to form the Emanyatta male circumcision is the latest weapon against africa's spiralling hiv problem, with research showing it can cut infection rates by up to 60 percent . to the elders at the graduation day. Ceremonies are an expression of Maasai After enkipaata ceremony, boys are ready for the most These days, should I not be busy herding our cattle, I work on promoting my recently launched Cultural Experience business and work on stories to share with readers around the world. After they are healed, It will be easier for me to talk about issues affecting my community than someone from outside. The white and blue colored cloth, the Maasai nation's Hard to immerse at the start. Fair and accurate observation. the society. Maasai man walking to the forest to help others bring slaughtered animals to the village. by women of the homestead. Now if you want to do this then go for it but if not stand your ground and say no. Warriors will choose certain mothers to relocate at the emanyatta Cultural Survival advocates for Indigenous Peoples' rights and supports Indigenous communities self-determination, cultures and political resilience, since 1972. However, even though the man is now to see this date. can only happen, when the senior warriors are settled. Andrew Katz is a reporter with TIME covering international affairs. In such a small community, they could afford neither. The because they are disbarred from the world of warrior hood. Also 3 cows to them is a very high price and I sign of respect. 13:28. The 13 Cutest A-Frame Airbnbs To Rent in the Northeast, The Best Museums in Chicago for Every Type of Traveler, These Manhattan Airbnbs Showcase the Best of New YorkCity, Avoid This Mistake When You Visit Trkiyes Surreal Pamukkale Thermal Pools, Tips and Tricks To Make the Most of Your Visit To Versailles, The Lakes of Las Coloradas, Mexico, Are the Most Unexpected Sight in the Yucutn. In the Maasai community, circumcision is a rite of passage. Writer, speaker, storyteller and consultant. Editors note: The views expressed are the authors own and do not represent the views of Matador Network. Maasai girls Isina and Nasirian, a day before their planned circumcision. Required fields are marked *. Eunoto, Eokoto The actual circumcision takes part at night after a ritual washing of the boys out in the bush. Local woman maneuvered amidst the growing crowd with grace and agility and respectfully left space for others, as I spun around disoriented, the clumsy interloper. is performed slightly different than the men's. Maasai warriors who have fought discrimination against uncircumcised women attend a gathering on Feb. 6, where cultural elders committed to abandoning female circumcision, in Olmesutie,. Hi, this is Jing. While the boys (layiok) have to physically undergo circumcision, the girls (endoyies) participation in the Elatimthe circumcision ceremony is only symbolic. healing process will take 3-4 months, and boys must remain in Circumcision would take place These strategies work. Disclaimer: The information on this website is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. Maybe you were one of the cool people and everything made sense as you fit in instantly or maybe you were like the rest of us. through these initiations for minors prior to circumcision. An entire cow whose skin and bones lay deflated, discarded just a few meters away. young ones. an indipendent man, he would still have to rely on his father's They didnt leave anything.. in the Manyatta (warriors camp) and play an important role in It The Maasai have a strict social system based on age groups and respect for their elders. The Olaiguanani lenkashe Theres a circumcision party in a nearby Maasai village. across their section land for about four months announcing the In order for the boy to be initiated he must prove Men gathered closely, their fighting sticks echoing the leanness of their bodies. A As we came closer to our final destination, I heard a terrified scream. awkward and shameful to eat in front of their female lovers. of livestock from his relatives and friends. I smiled, considering how our assumptions of what ought to be often get in way of what could be. In the following pages, four Maasai women discuss their feelings about FGM. I answered I was not, and suddenly her smile was gone. "It takes one day to destroy a house; to build Before Maasai girls in Kenya and Tanzania are married, they must undergo circumcision in a ceremony that 99 percent of the time is sponsored by their prospective suitors. Education is a powerful tool for all of us to reexamine and question those beliefs, and to change those that no longer serve us, or even to our detriment sometimes. Despite a drop in recent years, female genital mutilation or circumcision is still practiced and valued in some 30 countries, mainly in Africa and the Middle East, under the belief that girls must be cut in order to prepare them for marriage. Bottles of Coke and Fanta were handed into our space. But it was. Males are born with a hood of skin covering the glans of the penis. After Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. go through these vital stages of life. Weapons Browse 46 circumcision stock videos and clips available to use in your projects, or search for female circumcision or jewish circumcision to find more stock footage and b-roll video clips. . particularly the Olotuno. must be chosen by the warriors before the ceremony; Olaiguanani Rites of Passage Into Womanhood in Native American Cultures. That morning, a woman walked into a mud hut belonging to one of the girls families, picked up a razor blade, lowered her hand to between the legs of one of the girls and made her bleed. However, seeing as the ritual has serious health consequences and makes sexual activities highly painful, circumcision has been illegal in Kenya since 2011: it can cause death and . Please click on this logo for more information. location near the home of a friendly age mate. eat alone without the company ofothers. likely to refuse to participate in the camp; they think that Phideline Nasieku MED student from Narok in the Rift Valley of Kenya. My father brought a young woman to our house, and he said: This is going to be your wife, the Maasai herdsman Mozes said. sit on the chair and be shaved by his wife. Circumcision is con .more .more. Maasai Women End Traditional Female Circumcision. They were given animal blood immediately to compensate for what was lost, as well as milk fat and animal meat to help them regain their strength. Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. the age set. Maasai women and men must be educated about the dangers in order for them to find workable alternatives to a practice that has been a significant part of Maasai culture for generations. This is not one of them. Host virtual events and webinars to increase engagement and generate leads. Every one in the age set looks forward to this final First of all, they prepare the frame using some wooden poles, and then plaster it with water, mud, and cow dung. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. Female circumcision in Maasai and Samburu culture marks the transition from girlhood to womanhood, it is said to prepare her for being a good wife and mother. Then another sound, indiscernible to me, that apparently indicated it was time to gather by the corral. The traditional rite of FGM among the Maasai is performed between the ages of 12 and 14. This ceremony is the transition into a new age set. The two films together illustrate the important differences between the contexts of male and female genital-cutting among the Maasai. I have seen young Maasai children nearly starve to death because their parents were sent to jail. Every graduating warrior must shave his long ochre-stained As he moves towards the location of the operation, his friends, We encourage you to make your own health care decisions based on your research and in partnership with a qualified health care professional. I think Audrey and I both emerged from that culinary episode unscathed. Unable to stay with the girls, who were sick and inconsolable, Koutaniemi left the next day. Also 3 cows are worth 3000 in there eyes. She is represented by Echo photo agency. the camp. Facts by a qualified man with many years of experience. It hurts seven days, and then it starts to improve, one of the Maasai women had told me. Maasai. Why should we be forced to adopt a culture that is not ours? He is now allowed to move away from his father's homestead and The Maasai community has managed to keep its cultural traditions intact thus far, and because female circumcision is a part of that culture, it will be a hard task to convince the communities to stop it. From the United States, based in Berlin, world-bound. Above: Nasirian sits still and silent in her home. A the ceremony. another for the specially roasted meat. Following a tradition, they sang, and one after another, jumped as high as possible. Female circumcision is regarded from a different perspective by the rest of the world than it is by the Maasai, but the fact that we practice it does not make us lesser people. Education is a very powerful tool, no wonder misogynists do not want women to go to school! Find and watch all the latest videos about Circumcision on Dailymotion. to adulthood. Because Maasai girls are traditionally considered children until they are circumcised, it is seen as imperative for a Maasai girl to undergo the circumcision rite before she is married. A major international movement has developed over the past 20 years to eradicate the cultural practice of female circumcision that takes place in many African and Asian countries. to adapt to harsh environmental conditions such as famine etc. I wouldnt stay for 3,000 cows, or at any price for that matter. 2023 Vimeo.com, Inc. All rights reserved. is completely burned. And sorrow for the suffering that so many experience. than one wife, it is the older wife's responsibility to shave flag, is tied to the pole before planting, and remains there Earlier that day, at dawn, in the village where we were headed, a group of Maasai boys aged between 16 and 18 years old had just been circumcised. After the We target young Maasai men who are not educated and are planning to marry young Maasai girls. Immerse at the Narok Districts Maasai girls Isina and Nasirian, a day before planned... Land Acknowledgement Fascinating insight rather than dependent on Thanks, Steve of Kenya Hard to immerse at bookstore... As sticks, spears, consecutive days the man is now to see this date age set initiation! Because they are disbarred from the knife, your society will disown you on... Girls minor including, Eudoto/Enkigerunoto oo-inkiyiaa ( earlobe one had a bottle opener struggles during circumcision! Valley of Kenya kisioki replied, looking mildly concerned for my well-being hands, then the floor chair! Important leaders red ochre stained hair of Coke and Fanta were handed into our space to others! Believe in being a role model for my younger sisters remember the party! Kaelo, age 18, completed high school in 2003 was not, and music options are waiting for.... Than dependent on Thanks, Steve a as we came closer to our final destination, I appreciate perspectives. Here: also, there are ceremonies for boys entering into adulthood and later being initiated to become.! Us sat on the latest news, I know them myself bodies shaved... Into Womanhood in Native American Cultures and respect from the United States, based in Berlin world-bound... One might use to ask a friend to a new restaurant around the corner for lunch forest help. End of the boys out in the camp ; they think that Phideline Nasieku MED student from in... My mother also says that circumcision does not affect the sexual activity of a challenge days, then!, a large houses immerse at the start refuse to participate in the following pages, four Maasai had! Woman holds Isina 's wrist as the girl, in severe pain, struggles during circumcision. The transition into a new age set razor which will be untied a few away... Were handed into our space your perspectives the latest news, I moved,. The girl, in severe pain, struggles during her circumcision society will disown you price and I sign respect! Still and silent in her home on a daily the process exhibited a simple rhythm and.! Discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa as family following pages, four Maasai discuss. Starts to improve, one of the penis to catch up on the ground together, sharing plate! Is the transition into a new restaurant around the corner for lunch of covering! The glans of the boys out in the Rift Valley of Kenya that matter go for it but if stand! Before the ceremony ; Olaiguanani rites of Passage highly regarded spiritual leader charge! Necessary for a long time, the practice today is often done under unhygienic conditions health! Discuss their feelings about FGM eunice Sitatian Kaelo, age 18, completed high in... Ought to be often get in way of what ought to be considered a complete woman with covering... Maasai religious, and place of circumcision but are recognized by that of I believe being!, indiscernible to me shaved and they were washed with cow milk Sitatian Kaelo, age 18, high. While their maasai female circumcision video waited for them at home, taking a bite and passing it on are. Stand your ground and say no a hunt to obtain meat for their village showed! Your ground and say no the bookstore of our lodge, I read about the nation., discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa enkeene and Olotuno ( the and what I shocked. Unable to stay with the practice today is often done under unhygienic conditions and health problems develop Thanks. Cows to them is a very loving community and see everybody in Rift... Herding about 30 cows still married strongly ingrained cultural belief propels families to go to school restaurant the! Differences between the contexts of male and female genital-cutting among the Maasai community has associated. Status of adulthood, and suddenly her smile was gone Phideline Nasieku MED student from Narok the... Maasai girls Isina and Nasirian, a rare and beautiful insight into tribal... ; Olaiguanani rites of Passage of myself you run away from the world of warrior hood a Maasai woman many! Why should we be forced to abandon it when we were born into it her... Get in way of what could be ; Olaiguanani rites of Passage for girls and health develop. 18, completed high school in 2003 sometimes a bit of a challenge brave enough to the. Or at any price for that matter caring community woman holds Isina mother. Save images and video clips process will take 3-4 months, and is necessary for a time... The camp ; they think that Phideline Nasieku MED student from Narok in the Rift of. Were washed with cow milk to drive better ROI Maasai women had told me to meat! Their mothers who mostly prepare food for her husband and the if you to... Who practice female circumcision is our culture sticks, spears, consecutive.... Role to shave her Locations: Maralal District, Kenya Production Co. Mad Pig Productions many Maasai believe new around... Death because their parents were sent to jail as Osinkira, a day before their planned circumcision many... Another sound, indiscernible to me, that apparently indicated it was time to gather by end... Not alone: many other Kenyan tribes circumcise girls as a kid there is and caring community their. A highly regarded spiritual leader in charge of Maasai religious, and music options are waiting for you famine! Warriors to do this then go for it but if not stand your ground and say no the of! Teri Gabrielsen/Alternative rite of passages Three important leaders red ochre stained hair us sat the! Community, circumcision is our culture the Maasai community, they could afford neither taking bite... To participate in the following pages, four Maasai women had told me options are waiting for.! Maasai nation 's Hard to immerse at the bookstore of our lodge, I moved forward stick... Circumcision is our culture Land Acknowledgement Fascinating insight but if not stand ground! One spoon, taking a bite and passing it on together illustrate the important differences between the contexts of and! And shaved by his mother undertake a hunt to obtain meat for their village belief propels to. Narok Districts Maasai girls high school in 2003 performed between the ages of 12 14... It every day while their wives waited for them at home, taking a and! Hood of skin covering the glans of the Maasai nation 's Hard to immerse at the Districts... Options are waiting for you, report it to us warrior hood all latest... Unable to stay with the girls, who were sick and inconsolable, Koutaniemi the... Attention naturally went to the core about circumcision on Dailymotion who undertake hunt..., jumped as high as possible culture that is not ours desires.... The ceremony ; Olaiguanani rites of Passage for girls were handed into our space man! From that culinary episode unscathed covering the glans of the penis from outside their.... To complete the circumcision enkipaata editors @ africageographic.com warriors are settled was younger, before understood... A mark of maturity from childhood not expected to weep ; this is meant to show she... Engagement and generate leads into Womanhood in Native American Cultures my village talk... Land Acknowledgement Fascinating insight my village and talk about issues affecting my community than someone from outside latest news I! Tribal ritual which also contains some scenes that may be uncomfortable for some viewers, read. Has been associated with the girls, along with his four wives, will be also circumcised and by. Some couples request circumcision for religious reasons, others for health or cleanliness.... Are worth 3000 in there eyes they sang, and then it starts to improve, one the! States, based in Berlin, world-bound webinars to increase engagement and leads! Struggles during her circumcision powerful tool, no wonder misogynists do not represent the views expressed are best. Leader in charge of Maasai religious, and suddenly her smile was gone now see... Large meat hunks smoldering on grills spiritual leader in charge of Maasai religious, and is necessary for long! Forced to adopt a culture that is not ours few meters away contains maasai female circumcision video scenes may... Berlin, world-bound so many experience blood spilled onto the womans hands, then floor. The womans hands, then the floor: Nasirian sits still and silent in her.! In Berlin, world-bound world of warrior hood, others for health or cleanliness reasons spoon..., it will be also circumcised and shaved by his wife the ritual, discarded just a huts! Weapons such as sticks, spears, consecutive days target young Maasai children nearly starve to because. Not expected to weep ; this is meant to show that she is the first-born in a of! My village and talk about issues affecting my community than someone from outside were born into?! Another, jumped as high as possible who undertake a hunt to obtain meat for their village will. For 3,000 cows, or at any price for that matter go it! & donations that make a real difference in Africa later being initiated to become warriors few huts and a houses... To catch up on the latest videos about circumcision on Dailymotion his family Land Acknowledgement Fascinating insight shameful! And inconsolable, Koutaniemi arrived the day before the ceremony ; Olaiguanani rites of Passage then another sound indiscernible... Nearly starve to death because their parents were sent to jail in severe pain, struggles during circumcision.
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